Fig. 1

Mean effect sizes and statistical significance for DNAm at birth and in childhood. Mean effect sizes (left column) and mean statistical significance (right column) across all tested autosomal DNAm sites per outcome (color) and timepoint. Upper row displays results from analyses utilizing the maximum available sample sizes. Lower row displays results from analyses with cohorts removed to achieve equal sample sizes at both timepoints. Effect size is given as absolute regression coefficient (|‾β|), representing the difference in child health outcomes in SD between full or no methylation in the case of continuous outcomes (ADHD, general psychopathology, sleep duration, and BMI), or log(odds ratio) for categorical outcomes (asthma diagnosis). Statistical significance is given as mean absolute Z-values