Table 3 Comparison of birth EWAS (i.e., prospective analysis) versus childhood EWAS (i.e., cross-sectional analysis): Overview of study findings
Outcome | Change from birth to childhood EWAS | Potential contributing factors | Sensitivity analyses | Correlation analyses | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Effect size | Statistical significance | EWAS sample size | Between-study heterogeneity | Do results hold when making N equal across time points? | Do results hold within single longitudinal cohort (ALSPAC) | Correlations between time points (i.e., stability) | Correlations with other phenotypes | |
ADHD | ↑ | ↑ | = | ↑ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ (rs = 0.31) | ✓ (rs = − 0.18–0.35) |
GPF | ↑ | = | = | = | ✓ | ✓ | ≠ (rs = 0.08) | ✓ (rs = − 0.07–0.35) |
Sleep | ↑ | = | ↓ | ↑ | ✓ | ✓ | ≠ (rs = 0.06) | ≠ (rs = − 0.04–0.06) |
BMI | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ✓ | ✓ | ≠ (rs = 0.05) | ✓ (rs = − 0.18–0.06) |
Asthma | ↑ | ↑ | = | ↑ | ✓ | ✓ | ≠ (rs = − 0.04) | ✓ (rs = − 0.16–0.21) |